Clopidogrel--a platelet inhibitor which inhibits thrombogenesis in non-anticoagulated human blood independently of the blood flow conditions

Abstract

The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of 7 and 14 days of daily oral administration of 75 mg clopidogrel on collagen-induced thrombogenesis in flowing non-anticoagulated human blood. Blood was drawn directly from an antecubital vein over immobilised collagen type III fibrils positioned in a parallel-plate perfusion chamber. The wall shear rates at the collagen surface were those characteristic for veins (100 s-1), and for medium sized (650 s-1) and moderately stenosed (2600 s-1) arteries. Clopidogrel ingestion reduced the thrombus volume significantly (p < 0.05) at 100 and 2600 s-1 (39 and 51% respectively). The beta-thromboglobulin plasma levels were reduced concomitantly. However, it was not possible to measure accurately the thrombus volume at 650 s-1, due to loose packing of the platelet thrombi. Transmission electron microscopy substantiated this observation and showed that clopidogrel profoundly reduced the platelet degranulation process (p < 0.005). The inhibitory effect of clopidogrel on platelet consumption by the growing thrombi resulted apparently in higher platelet concentration at the collagen surface, which enhanced the platelet-collagen adhesion at all three shear rates (p < 0.05). Despite the low deposition of fibrin on collagen, clopidogrel reduced significantly the fibrinopeptide A plasma levels and the fibrin deposition at shear rates below 650 s-1. This was apparently a consequence of the reduced platelet recruitment and the lower activation of platelets, since activated platelets in thrombi promote deposition of fibrin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)