Mechanisms of action of adrenergic receptor blockers on lipids during antihypertensive drug treatment

Abstract

The objective of this article is to focus on the antihypertensive agents blocking adrenergic receptors, both alpha and beta blockers, and attempt to construct potential explanations for their effects on lipids in a mechanistic manner. The essential thesis is that adrenergic control of lipid metabolism is responsible for the effect on lipids and lipoproteins of antihypertensive agents that block adrenergic receptors. Agonists and antagonists show the opposite action on lipoprotein lipase, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and LDL-cholesterol uptake by LDL receptors in a manner that might explain the findings of increases in triglycerides and LDL cholesterol with decreases in HDL cholesterol in patients receiving beta blockers without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and the reverse in patients on treatment with alpha adrenergic receptor blockers.