Clinical profile of pediatric patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection

Abstract

To update the clinical profile of pediatric patients hospitalized with RSV infection, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 246 children (male:female ratio 1.44:1) admitted during one season to a tertiary-care hospital. The most common admitting diagnoses were bronchiolitis (37.4%), pneumonia (32.5%), and possible septicemia (13%). Median age was 3 months; median length of stay, three days. Twice as many minorities were admitted with RSV infection as all other admissions during the same year. Family history of asthma, while common (35%), did not affect length of stay or complications. Of the 38 (15%) patients requiring intensive care, 29 (76%) underwent ventilation. Patients with underlying cardiopulmonary disease had more complications, were more likely to require intensive care (about 50%), and had significantly longer hospital stays than others. All three patients (1.2%) who died had congenital heart disease. Common risk factors included young age, chronic cardiopulmonary disease, male sex, and possibly family history of asthma. Although the most typical clinical diagnoses remain bronchiolitis and pneumonia, a systemic illness resembling the sepsis syndrome has emerged at our institution as a significant clinical presentation.