Laparoscopic appendicectomy: diagnosis and resection of acute and perforated appendices

Abstract

Laparoscopic appendicectomy for acute appendicitis has been promulgated in many European countries during the 1980s. The introduction of the microchip camera and visual assistance on a monitor has increased the appeal of laparoscopic appendiceal resection. It carries a unique appeal in that the extent of inflammation and the presence of other pathological conditions are readily identified. This approach does not prevent the surgeon proceeding to open surgery if appropriate, and will aid in defining the site of incision. Prospective analyses (McAnena et al, 1992; Attwood et al, 1992) have shown that this approach shortens hospital stay, decreases wound infection rates and provides excellent cosmetic results. It also hastens return to full activity. It requires experience and, as with cholecystectomy, the option of converting to an open procedure should not be considered a failure of the approach. Details of approaches to the inflamed appendix are described. Caution in the use of diathermy is needed (particularly at the base of the appendix), as it may cause necrosis of the caecum or dissolution of the ties at the appendix base. Control of the appendicular artery by clip ligation is preferable to diathermy. The training of surgical residents will be enhanced rather than diminished if, under close, experienced supervision, they are taught to perform appendicectomy laparoscopically, as the essentials of anatomic dissection of the appendix are perhaps better appreciated on a video screen than at open surgery through a small incision.