Growth hormone-releasing activity of hexarelin, a new synthetic hexapeptide, after intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal, and oral administration in man

Abstract

We evaluated the GH-releasing activity of hexarelin, a new synthetic hexapeptide, after i.v. (1 and 2 micrograms/kg), sc (1.5 and 3 micrograms/kg), intranasal (20 micrograms/kg), and oral (po; 20 and 40 mg) administration to 12 healthy young volunteers. Reference treatments were i.v. saline and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH; 1 microgram/kg). GH release (mean +/- SEM) after the i.v. dose of 1 microgram/kg hexarelin [area under the curve (AUC), 3175 +/- 506 micrograms/min.L] was about 2 times higher than that induced by 1 microgram/kg GHRH (AUC, 1544 +/- 161 micrograms/min.L; P < 0.001). Hexarelin (2 micrograms/kg, i.v.) elicited a further increase in GH levels (AUC, 4422 +/- 626 micrograms/min.L) compared to the 1 microgram/kg dose. The GH response to 2 micrograms/kg hexarelin, i.v., was very reproducible (AUC, 4016 +/- 563 vs. 3959 +/- 803 micrograms/min.L). The sc administration of hexarelin produced a dose-dependent GH response (AUC, 3180 +/- 392 and 4459 +/- 566 micrograms.min.L with 1.5 and 3 micrograms/kg, respectively). Intranasal administration of 20 micrograms/kg hexarelin induced GH release (AUC, 2642 +/- 452 micrograms/min.L) similar to that caused by 1 microgram/kg, i.v. Twenty and 40 mg hexarelin, po, produced a dose-related increase in GH levels (AUC, 2278 +/- 442 and 4079 +/- 514 micrograms/min.L). Biological bioavailabilities were 77.0 +/- 10.5%, 4.8 +/- 0.9%, and 0.3 +/- 0.1% for the sc, intranasal, and po routes, respectively. This study shows that the GH response to hexarelin administered by the i.v. route has a limited variability and is superior to the response to GHRH. The GH-releasing activity appeared to be dose dependent. Thus, hexarelin could be clinically useful to stimulate GH secretion in humans.