Proximal splenorenal shunts for extrahepatic portal venous obstruction in children

Abstract

Objective: The results of proximal splenorenal shunts done in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction were evaluated.

Summary background data: Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction, a common cause of portal hypertension in children in India, is being treated increasingly by endoscopic sclerotherapy instead of by proximal splenorenal shunt. It is believed that surgery (or the operation) carries high mortality and rebleeding rates and is followed by portosystemic encephalopathy and postsplenectomy sepsis. However, a proximal splenorenal shunt is a definitive procedure that may be more suitable for children, particularly those who have limited access to medical facilities and safe blood transfusion.

Methods: Between 1976 and 1992, the authors performed 160 splenorenal shunts in children. Twenty were emergency procedures for uncontrollable bleeding and 140 were elective procedures--102 for recurrent bleeding and 38 for hypersplenism.

Results: The overall operative mortality rate was 1.9%--10% (3/160-2/20) after emergency operations and 0.7% (1/140) after elective operations. Rebleeding occurred in 17 patients (11%), and pneumococcal meningitis developed in 1 patient who recovered later. Encephalopathy did not develop in any patient. Four patients died in the follow-up period--two of rebleeding, one of chronic renal failure and a subphrenic abscess, and one of unknown causes. The 15-year survival rate by life table analysis was 95%.

Conclusions: A proximal splenorenal shunt, a one-time procedure with a low mortality rate and good long-term results, is an effective treatment for children in India with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction.