Isolation of an influenza A virus of unusual subtype (H1N7) from pigs in England, and the subsequent experimental transmission from pig to pig

Abstract

A novel H1N7 influenza virus (A/swine/Eng/191973/92) was isolated from nasal swabs collected from two pigs on a farm where there had been recent clinical disease due to infection with an H1N1 virus (A/swine/Eng/195852/92). Antigenically, the haemagglutinin (HA) of the H1N7 virus was related most closely to the HA of A/USSR/90/77, whilst the neuraminidase (NA) appeared to be related most closely to the NA of A/equine/Prague/1/56 (H7N7). Pigs infected experimentally with A/swine/Eng/191973/92 developed mild clinical signs, excreted virus into the nasal passages for up to nine days after infection, appeared normal at necropsy, transmitted the virus to sentinel pigs, but seven out of eight pigs failed to seroconvert. These findings suggest that the H1N7 virus has a low pathogenicity for pigs, resulting in limited virus multiplication which is insufficient to stimulate a detectable primary humoral immune response.