Anatomical classification facial, cranio-facial and latero-facial clefts

Abstract

Based on personal observations a new classification of facial, cranio-facial and latero-facial clefts is proposed. The orbit is used as the primary structure of reference. Fifteen locations for clefts can be differentiated. Their course through soft tissues and bone is described in detail and illustrated with typical cases. Combinations of several types of clefts and associated malformations are discussed. The new classification offers the following advantages: it eliminates the old confusing terminology (based on personal experience and case descriptions in the literature it seems to be complete); it facilitates recording of malformations (communication between observers becomes easier); it increases the appreciation for the scope and the tridimensional structure of cranio-facial deformities; and, finally, the better understanding of these rare malformations will lead to more careful investigations, and to more adequate planning of treatment. More complications in corrective surgery will be avoided and the results achieved will improve.