Cutaneous cryptococcosis--primary versus secondary disease. Report of two cases with review of literature

Abstract

The clinical, immunological, and pathological features of solitary cutaneous cryptococcosis in two apparently healthy Chinese adults are reported. In patient 1, regional cryptococcal lymphadenopathy also occurred. Both patients showed lymphopenia with a proportionate decrease in T-helper and T-suppressor cells. Both skin and lymph node biopsies showed granulomatous inflammation and the presence of cryptococcus. A chancriform syndrome developed in patient 1, indicating primary cutaneous cryptococcosis. Chancriform syndrome is rare in cryptococcal skin infection, probably due to immunosuppression in susceptible patients. In patient 2, the deep dermal and subcutaneous inflammatory involvement and anatomic location of the lesion on the upper medial thigh are supportive of secondary skin disease. Unless negated by a reliable history, the following features are indicative of secondary disease: inflammation centered in deep dermis or subcutaneous fat, lesion on covered parts of body, and multifocal skin lesions. Some cases remain unclassifiable. In practice the distinction between primary and secondary cutaneous cryptococcal disease is not essential because less toxic, effective antifungal drugs are now available.