Effects of atmospheric pressure variation on spontaneous, transiently evoked, and distortion product otoacoustic emissions in normal human ears

Abstract

The effects of atmospheric pressure changes on the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous (SOAEs), transiently evoked (TEOAEs) and distortion product (DPOAEs) otoacoustic emissions in normally hearing humans were compared. The purpose was to determine if the transmission of each form of OAE was influenced differently by the middle ear. Sixty-one subjects were tested in a pressure chamber. Twenty-seven SOAEs with a frequency range between 535 to 4729 Hz from 21 subjects were examined. Transiently evoked OAEs were studied in 20 subjects using clicks and tone-bursts at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kHz. Distortion-product OAEs were generated at seven geometric mean frequencies between 1 and 8 kHz in another 20 subjects. Spontaneous OAEs were examined by applying atmospheric pressure up to 9 kPa and down to -2.5 kPa, for the measurement of TEOAEs and DPOAEs the pressure was varied from 0 kPa up to 8 kPa. In spite of large interindividual differences, results suggest that the influence of pressure on the three OAEs is frequency specific. The frequency and amplitude change of SOAEs, the modification of the amplitude and spectra of TEOAEs, and the amplitude change of DPOAEs are more influenced by changes in middle ear pressure below 4 kHz than are OAEs in the range at 4 kHz and above.