Selenium administration does not cause thyroid insufficiency in subjects with mild iodine deficiency and sufficient selenium intake

Abstract

Selenium is a trace element essential for the activity of type I 5'-deiodinase which converts thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). In iodine deficient hypothyroid children at low selenium dietary intake the supplementation of selenium induced a significant decrement of serum FT4 and T4 concentrations and an increase of serum TSH concentrations. Since in western countries selenium tablets begin to be largely consumed as a diet integrator, we have administered 100 micrograms/day of selenium as selenium methionine to 8 euthyroid female subjects with a positive iodine-perchlorate discharge test who had a previous episode of subacute or postpartum thyroiditis. We have studied subjects with positive iodine-perchlorate discharge test since the test indicates the existence of a subtle defect of thyroid hormone synthesis and therefore these subjects are prone to develop thyroid dysfunction. In contrast to previous findings in hypothyroid children at low iodine and selenium dietary intake, the supplementation of selenium did not decompensate thyroid hormone synthesis of euthyroid subjects with reduced thyroid iodine organification. The lack of any effect of selenium on thyroid hormone synthesis even in subjects with subtle thyroid hormone synthesis defect may be due to the fact that these subjects had a sufficient selenium dietary intake before selenium supplementation and an only marginally reduced dietary iodine intake.