Stroke subtypes among Hispanics living in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Results from the Luis Vernaza Hospital Stroke Registry

Abstract

Background and purpose: Racial differences in stroke subtypes have been documented. Asians have a higher rate of cerebral hemorrhage than whites; however, there is little information about stroke subtypes among Hispanics. The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns of stroke subtypes in a population of Hispanics.

Methods: Five hundred consecutive patients with a first stroke were included. Patients were collected from hospital wards, the emergency department, and the outpatient clinic to ensure inclusion of patients with a wide range of stroke severity. Computed tomography was available in all cases. Patients with pure subarachnoid hemorrhage were excluded.

Results: There were 313 (62.6%) patients with an infarct and 187 (37.4%) with a hemorrhage. Hypertensive arteriolopathy was the most common cause of both infarcts and hemorrhages. The carotid territory was involved in 70.6% of the 313 patients with infarcts, the vertebrobasilar territory in 17.9%, multiple territories in 6.7%, and a watershed area in 4.8%. Hemorrhages were most often lobar (36.4%), followed by putaminal (30.5%), brain stem (9.1%), cerebellar (8%), thalamic (8%), ventricular (5.3%), and caudate (2.7%).

Conclusions: This hospital-based stroke registry suggests that stroke in Hispanics has a pattern different from that in whites but similar to that in Asians. Cerebral hemorrhages occur three times more frequently in Hispanics than in whites.