Acyanotic congenital heart disease. Atrial and ventricular septal defects, atrioventricular canal, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis

Abstract

This article discusses the four common congenital heart lesions associated with communications between the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation, as well as valvular pulmonic stenosis with intact ventricular septum. The incidence and description of each specific anatomical malformation is presented. The clinical findings on physical examination, electrocardiography, chest radiograph, and echocardiography are delineated for each defect. Emphasis is placed on the medical and surgical management and the long-term outcome of such management.