Evaluation of skull base erosion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comparison of plain radiography and computed tomography

Abstract

Over a period of 16 months, a total of 175 patients with newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were evaluated with plain radiography and computed tomography (CT) of nasopharynx and base of skull. 54 of 175 patients (30.9%) had CT evidence of skull base erosion. Plain radiography failed to demonstrate the skull base erosion in 22 of 54 patients (40.7%) and underestimated the extent of bony involvement in another 21 patients (38.9%). In 14 of 54 patients (25.9%), there was also false suspicion of bony erosion in the plain films in one or more regions of the skull base which was not substantiated by CT and subsequent clinical course. The present study shows that plain radiography lacks sensitivity and specificity in detecting skull base erosion by NPC. CT evaluation of NPC patients should include thin CT sections of base of skull for detection of subtle bone erosion, and this would allow better decision concerning the shielding of the pituitary-hypothalamic axis during radiotherapy for improvement in therapeutic ratio. For the investigation of individuals highly suspicious of harboring NPC, even when the plain radiography is negative, CT should still be performed as this may give the only clue to the presence of a small submucosally spreading NPC.