Teratomas in pediatric age group: experience with 75 cases

Abstract

The clinicopathological features of 75 children under the age of 12 years with teratomas are reviewed. Tumors arose in the following anatomic sites: sacrococcygeum (n = 49), ovary (n = 10), Testis (n = 5), oral cavity (n = 3), retroperitoneum (n = 2) and others (n = 6). Fifty five (74%) presented within the first year of life. Excluding the gonadal tumors, male-female ratio was 2:5. Majority of the tumors had only mature tissues. Such patients and those 9 patients in whom the histology was not specified, underwent excision alone and had 95% early survival rates. Five patients had admixture of mature and immature tumors. Nine patients had malignant tissues. Germ cell tumors containing only malignant component, but no mature or immature teratomatous tissues were excluded from the series. The patients with immature and malignant tissues underwent multimodal therapy including surgical excision, multiagent chemotherapy (VAC regimen) and at times radiotherapy. Mortality in patients with immature and malignant teratomas was 20 and 66.7%, respectively. Besides histology, the only factor which affected prognosis, especially in case of sacrococcygeal teratomas was the age at the time of presentation. Our experience highlights the importance of early recognition and complete surgical excision of teratomas in the pediatric age group.