Computer-aided image manipulation of intraoral radiographs to enhance diagnosis in dental practice: a review

Abstract

In conventional film radiography, image quality is determined once the film has left the processing solutions. Conversely, in digital imaging, image quality may be interactively manipulated after image acquisition. Each of the parameters which define image quality: contrast, blur and noise, may be altered digitally. Filtering of the digital image may result in a reduction of blur of structure boundaries. Studies have shown that digital contrast enhancement and filtering increased diagnostic accuracy for the detection of caries lesions and for the estimation of lesion depth. Digital subtraction reduces anatomic image noise and has been demonstrated to aid the detection of differences in two images taken with a time interval. The technique has been demonstrated as being particularly useful for the detection of small tissue changes in marginal alveolar bone. The era of digital imaging in dentistry has certainly commenced and current intraoral digital systems have been shown to provide definite diagnostic advantages. Further, the direct digital systems rationalise the radiographic routine due to avoiding film and wet processing and conserve the environment. The major advantages may, however, be the significant dose reductions and the ability for image quality manipulation.