[Thrombolytic therapy in pulmonary embolism. Indications and therapeutic strategies]

Abstract

The absence of significant symptoms and signs makes the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism difficult. Sensitivity and specificity of laboratory tests, chest X-ray, ECG, echocardiography and venous studies is low. Ventilation-perfusion scanning is also often not diagnostic. The combination of several diagnostic techniques, however, and pulmonary angiography confirm the diagnosis. Heparin remains the standard therapy for patients with stable haemodynamics. Thrombolytic therapy is recommended in haemodynamically compromised patients, since it yields accelerated clot lysis and pulmonary reperfusion. In standard dose regimes streptokinase, urokinase and t-PA are equally efficient. t-PA, however, acts more rapidly than the other agents. So far there is no study to prove that thrombolytic therapy significantly reduces mortality in pulmonary embolism.