[A case of spontaneous rupture of the ascending aorta]

Abstract

We report a rare case of spontaneous rupture of the ascending aorta without any evidence of aneurysm formation or aortic dissection. A woman aged 64 was admitted to our cardiac care unit as an emergency patient with severe chest pain. Her face was pale and systolic blood pressure was 70 mmHg in spite of intravenous administration of dopamine (10 micrograms/kg/min). She had a history of hypertension for two years under good medical control. No trace of the chest trauma was noted before her admission. Physical examination revealed neck vein engorgement and distant heart sounds. Chest X-ray film showed enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. ECG showed no evidence of acute coronary syndrome. Pericardial effusion with a floating hematoma-like mass was detected by 2-dimensional echocardiogram. Pericardiocentesis revealed bloody pericardial fluid (Ht: 26%). Aortagraphy was performed resulting in a clinical diagnosis of acute aortic dissection, but there were no signs of a false lumen, aneurysm formation or extravasation of the contrast medium. Although continuous pericardial drainage was performed, she suddenly lost consciousness, collapsed and died. A longitudinal intimal laceration 5 cm long was observed in the ascending aorta. Pathological examination revealed cystic medial necrosis and irregularity of the elastic fibers in the media. No atheromatous plaque was noted in the intima. Spontaneous rupture of the aorta is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)