Selection of topical antimicrobial agents for cultured skin for burns by combined assessment of cellular cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity

Abstract

Cultured epidermal skin has become an adjunctive therapy for treatment of major burn injuries, but its effectiveness is greatly limited due to destruction by microbial contamination. To evaluate candidate drugs for use with cultured skin, a combined cytotoxicity-antimicrobial assay system was developed for determination of toxicity to cultured human keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and to common burn wound organisms (20 bacterial and 4 fungal strains). Candidate agents including Hibiclens (n = 3), amikacin, piperacillin, norfloxacin, and nystatin were tested separately and in combination (n = 6 each) for inhibition of growth of human cells and lytic activity on microorganisms in the wet disc assay. The data showed that: (1) Hibiclens was uniformly toxic to both cultured human cells and microorganisms; (2) norfloxacin had dose-dependent toxicity to human cells and broad effectiveness against microorganisms; and (3) norfloxacin (25 micrograms/mL) plus nystatin (100 U/mL) had low toxicity to human cells and high toxicity to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (20 of 20) and fungi (4 of 4). Selection of topical antimicrobial drugs by these assays may improve effectiveness of cultured skin for burns and may be extended to the control of other surgical wound infections.