Clinical significance of dysplasia in gastric remnant biopsy specimens

Abstract

Background: Dysplasia often is found in biopsy specimens from the gastric stump some 20 years after ulcer surgery. A high frequency of patients with severe dysplasia in the nonoperated stomach develop carcinoma but the clinical significance of dysplasia in the gastric stump is still confounding.

Methods: In the current study, two groups of patients were evaluated. One group of 22 patients, found at the first investigation in an endoscopic screening study with moderate dysplasia in the gastric stump, were regularly followed up to 18 years with endoscopy and biopsies. In the second part of the investigation, the authors evaluated 17 patients from the same endoscopic screening study, who at any instance during the 18 years were found to have severe dysplasia in biopsy specimens from the gastric remnant.

Results: In three of the 22 patients with moderate dysplasia, stump carcinoma was diagnosed 2, 2, and 6 years, respectively, after the first endoscopic examination. Severe dysplasia was found in two other patients at one occasion but later investigations only revealed moderate dysplasia. The remainder of the patients in this group had either persisting moderate dysplasia or mild dysplasia at follow-up. Seven (41%) of the 17 patients with severe dysplasia had stump carcinoma within a median time of 2 years (range, 1-11). Two other patients had surgery based on suspicion of carcinoma, but had only severe dysplasia in the surgical specimen. Finally, three men died (after 1, 2, and 17 years, respectively) of unrelated disease without suspicion of stump carcinoma and five patients were followed between 6 and 18 years without signs of malignant development.

Conclusions: Patients with moderate and, especially, severe dysplasia in the gastric remnant are at high risk for gastric carcinoma. Severe dysplasia calls for endoscopic surveillance at short intervals. For patients with moderate dysplasia a close surveillance for 2 years followed by biannual evaluation appears sufficient.