Management of bile leaks following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Abstract

In a series of 650 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies, nine bile leaks were identified (1.4%). Patients with bile leaks presented clinically at a mean of 4.9 days (range: 3-8 days) after surgery complaining of diffuse abdominal pain, ileus, and nausea. Laboratory values for complete blood counts and liver function tests were all mildly elevated. Definitive diagnosis was made on the basis of abnormal hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Management strategies included laparotomy and drain placement (n = 1), laparoscopy and drain placement (n = 3), ERCP and drainage (n = 4), and CT-guided percutaneous drainage (n = 1). When the etiology of the leakage was identified, it was most commonly either dysfunction of the cystic duct clips (n = 3) or leakage from a disrupted duct of Luschka (n = 2). The source of the remaining leaks (n = 4) was never determined. We conclude that bile leaks are an uncommon cause of morbidity following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Diagnosis can usually be made with nuclear medicine biliary tract scans and a variety of managements alternatives are successful in treating this complication.