Effect of lovastatin on serum lipid profile in the treatment of dyslipoproteinaemia in uraemic patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Abstract

Background: Dyslipoproteinaemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in uraemic patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Lovastatin is an HMG Coenzyme A reductase inhibitor which is useful in treating non-uraemic patients with hypercholesterolaemia.

Aims: We conducted a single blind cross-over study versus placebo in 10 CAPD patients to examine the effect of lovastatin (20-40 mg) on the serum lipid profile and its safety in uraemic patients.

Methods: Treatment phases were of eight weeks' duration. Each four weeks' measurements were made of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), VLDL-cholesterol (VLDL-C), Apolipoprotein A1 & B (Apo A1 & Apo B) and Lipoprotein (a). After eight weeks, lovastatin significantly reduced TC by 29% from 6.7 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- S.E.M.) to 4.8 +/- 0.1 mmol/L, LDL-C by 41% from 4.6 +/- 0.3 to 2.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/L and Apo B by 32% from 116 +/- 7 to 78 +/- 3 mg/dl (p < 0.01). HDL-C increased by 8% from 1.2 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.2 mmol/L after eight weeks' therapy (p < 0.05). TG decreased by 18% from 1.9 +/- 0.4 to 1.6 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in changes of other lipid profiles between placebo and drug. No adverse effects of the drug were noted during treatment and the liver function and muscle enzymes were not significantly altered by either drug therapy or placebo.

Results: Lovastatin appears to be a safe and useful drug in effectively treating dyslipoproteinaemia in CAPD patients.