Emergency resuscitation using portable extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Abstract

Manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation is currently the standard treatment for cardiac arrest patients both in and out of the hospital. Accumulated experimental and anecdotal clinical evidence suggests enhanced survival in patients with extreme circulatory decompensation who have been emergently supported with portable cardiopulmonary bypass. Long-term survival is possible even when application is delayed, but early institution of support after cardiac arrest in selected patients offers the best survival advantages. In our hospital this has been achieved by training a team of in-house personnel to emergently prepare, apply, and temporarily manage cardiopulmonary bypass until personnel with greater specialty training arrive. Machinery needed to perform emergency cardiopulmonary bypass is currently available in all hospitals with open heart surgery programs. Simple support is often therapeutic but can also serve as a bridge to definitive diagnostic and other therapeutic procedures. Commercial units are becoming more biocompatible and easier to use, making both wider application and more prolonged support likely in the future.