Preoperative abdominopelvic computed tomographic prediction of optimal cytoreduction in epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Abstract

Purpose: This study was undertaken to assess the ability of computed tomography (CT) to predict the likelihood of optimal primary tumor cytoreduction in women with epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Patients and methods: Fifty-one women with preoperative CT and a histologic diagnosis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma following primary tumor operation by a gynecologic oncologist were identified. Forty-two CT scans were retrospectively analyzed. CT findings of attachment of the omentum to the spleen or disease greater than 2 cm on the diaphragm, liver surface, or parenchyma, pleura, mesentery, gallbladder fossa, or suprarenal paraaortic nodes were coded to represent unresectable disease. CT results were compared with surgical outcome.

Results: Twenty-nine of 42 (69%) patients underwent optimal cytoreduction to less than 2 cm residual disease. Successful cytoreduction was accomplished in 23 of 24 patients who fulfilled CT criteria for cytoreduction and six of 18 with CT criteria predictive of inability to perform cytoreduction. CT was highly sensitive for detection of ascites, mesenteric, and omental disease, but was poor for detection of liver involvement, omental attachment to the spleen, gallbladder fossa disease, and peritoneal nodules smaller than 2 cm. The CT findings accurately predicted surgical outcome with a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 79.3%. The positive predictive value was 67% and the negative predictive value was 96%.

Conclusion: CT scan is an accurate method for the prediction of successful surgical cytoreduction and may have utility in the decision to offer neoadjuvant chemotherapy to certain medically disabled patients, a hypothesis currently under evaluation.