Muscle strength in osteoporotic versus normal women

Abstract

Strong back muscles contribute to good posture and skeletal support. Osteoporosis, being a metabolic bone disease, should not affect muscle strength. In this study we were interested in comparing the back extensor strength (BES) of osteoporotic and normal women. Fifty-five women ages 40-85 years who had a documented diagnosis of osteoporosis and were referred for initiation of proper exercise programs were included in our study after meeting the inclusion criteria. They all had evaluation of their posture, back and upper extremity strength, and physical activity score through our Rehabilitation of Osteoporosis Program--Exercise (ROPE). In addition, to avoid the interference of pain on application of maximal effort, we did not include subjects with acute back pain or those who experienced back pain with maximal effort during the testing trial. BES for osteoporotic women ranged from 16 to 65 lb (mean +/- SD, 36.5 +/- 15.5) for ages 40-59 years, 9 to 55 lb (mean +/- SD, 29.9 +/- 10.6) for ages 60-69 years, 6 to 52 lb (mean +/- SD, 24.3 +/- 10.2) for ages 70-79 years, and 17 to 27 lb (mean +/- SD, 21.2 +/- 4.2) for ages 80 years or older. Comparison of these data with the BES of 25 normal women, with statistical adjustment for age, demonstrated that the osteoporotic women had significantly lower BES than the normal women. A longitudinal study of a larger group of women would be of great interest for clarifying whether the weakness of back extensors precedes and, indeed, contributes to compression fractures of the spine.