An algorithm for the management of acoustic neuromas regarding age, hearing, tumor size, and symptoms

Abstract

An algorithm has evolved for the management of patients with acoustic neuroma. Decisions as to surgery vs. observation, surgical approach, and whether hearing preservation should be attempted depend on age, patient symptoms, size of the tumor, residual hearing, and degree of facial nerve involvement at the time of surgery. Conservative management is used for patients over 65 years of age. This consists of observation or subtotal resection through a translabyrinthine approach, depending on the absence or presence of brainstem signs or symptoms. In patients under 65 years of age, hearing preservation is attempted through the retrosigmoid approach in tumors 1.5 cm or less if pure-tone average is less than 30 dB and the discrimination score is greater than 70%. The translabyrinthine approach is our preferred approach for tumors of any size when hearing is not serviceable. A near-total excision is performed when the facial nerve cannot be separated from the tumor. The rationale for this algorithm in the management of 130 cases of acoustic neuroma over the past 17 years is presented.