Soluble lactose-binding lectin from rat intestine with two different carbohydrate-binding domains in the same peptide chain

Abstract

Of the multiple soluble lactose-binding (S-Lac) lectins in rat intestine, the major one, tentatively designated RI-H, was previously isolated as a polypeptide of molecular weight approximately 17,000. We here report the sequence of RI-H, as determined both at the peptide level and at the nucleotide level. Surprisingly the cDNA encodes a protein of molecular weight approximately 36,000, and this protein contains two homologous but distinct domains each with sequence elements that are conserved among all S-Lac lectins. The C-terminal domain, designated domain II, corresponds to the lectin with M(r) of 17,000 previously isolated from intestinal extracts and shown to have lactose binding activity. By preparing recombinant protein containing only the N-terminal domain, designated domain I, we here directly demonstrate that it too binds lactose and a related range of sugars that are roughly similar to domain II, but clearly distinct. The new lectin, which we designate L-36, is highly expressed in full-length form in rat small and large intestine and stomach but was not detected in eight other tissues including lung, liver, kidney, and spleen. Each domain has approximately 35% sequence identity with the other domain and with the carbohydrate-binding domain of L-29, another S-Lac lectin, but only about 15% identity with other known S-Lac lectins.