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. 1993 Mar;19(2):309-28.
doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.19.2.309.

Episodic encoding of voice attributes and recognition memory for spoken words

T J Palmeri  1 , S D Goldinger, D B Pisoni
Affiliations

Episodic encoding of voice attributes and recognition memory for spoken words

T J Palmeri et al. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1993 Mar.

Abstract

Recognition memory for spoken words was investigated with a continuous recognition memory task. Independent variables were number of intervening words (lag) between initial and subsequent presentations of a word, total number of talkers in the stimulus set, and whether words were repeated in the same voice or a different voice. In Experiment 1, recognition judgements were based on word identity alone. Same-voice repetitions were recognized more quickly and accurately than different-voice repetitions at all values of lag and at all levels of talker variability. In Experiment 2, recognition judgments were based on both word identity and voice identity. Subjects recognized repeated voices quite accurately. Gender of the talker affected voice recognition but not item recognition. These results suggest that detailed information about a talker's voice is retained in long-term episodic memory representations of spoken words.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Probability of correctly recognizing old items from all multiple-talker conditions in Experiment 1. (The upper panel displays item recognition for same-voice repetitions and different-voice repetitions as a function of talker variability, collapsed across values of lag; the lower panel displays item recognition for same- and different-voice repetitions as a function of lag, collapsed across levels of talker variability.)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Probability of correctly recognizing old items from a subset of the multiple-talker conditions in Experiment 1. (In both panels, item recognition for same-voice repetitions is compared with item recognition for different-voice/same-gender and different-voice/different-gender repetitions. The upper panel displays item recognition as a function of talker variability, collapsed across values of lag; the lower panel displays item recognition as a function of lag, collapsed across levels of talker variability.)
Figure 3
Figure 3
Response times for correctly recognizing old items from all multiple-talker conditions in Experiment 1. (The upper panel displays response times for same-voice repetitions and different-voice repetitions as a function of talker variability, collapsed across values of lag; the lower panel displays the response times for same- and different-voice repetitions as a function of lag, collapsed across levels of talker variability.)
Figure 4
Figure 4
Response times for correctly recognizing old items from the single-talker condition and the same-voice repetitions of multiple-talker conditions in Experiment 1. (The upper panel displays response times as a function of talker variability, collapsed across values of lag; the lower panel displays response times for the single-talker condition in comparison with the average response times for the same-voice repetitions of the multiple-talker conditions as a function of lag, collapsed across levels of talker variability.)
Figure 5
Figure 5
Response times for correctly recognizing old items from a subset of the conditions in Experiment 1. (In both panels, response times for same-voice repetitions are compared with response times for different-voice/same-gender and different-voice/different-gender repetitions. The upper panel displays response times as a function of talker variability, collapsed across values of lag; the lower panel displays response times as a function of lag, collapsed across levels of talker variability.)
Figure 6
Figure 6
Probability of recognizing old items from all conditions in Experiment 2. (The upper panel displays item recognition for same-voice repetitions and different-voice repetitions as a function of talker variability, collapsed across values of lag; the lower panel displays item recognition for same- and different-voice repetitions as a function of lag, collapsed across levels of talker variability.)
Figure 7
Figure 7
Probability of correctly recognizing old items from a subset of the conditions in Experiment 2. (In both panels, item recognition for same-voice repetitions is compared with item recognition for different-voice/same-gender and different-voice/ different-gender repetitions. The upper panel displays item recognition as a function of talker variability, collapsed across values of lag; the lower panel displays item recognition as a function of lag, collapsed across levels of talker variability.)
Figure 8
Figure 8
Response times for correctly recognizing old items from all conditions in Experiment 2. (The upper panel displays response times for same-voice repetitions and different-voice repetitions as a function of talker variability, collapsed across values of lag; the lower panel displays response times for same- and different-voice repetitions as a function of lag, collapsed across levels of talker variability.)
Figure 9
Figure 9
Response times for correctly recognizing old items from a subset of the conditions in Experiment 2. (In both panels, response times for same-voice repetitions are compared with response times for different-voice/same-gender and different-voice/different-gender repetitions. The upper panel displays response times as a function of talker variability, collapsed across values of lag; the lower panel displays response times as a function of lag, collapsed across levels of talker variability.)
Figure 10
Figure 10
Probability of correctly recognizing old items as a repetition in the same voice or as a repetition in a different voice from all conditions in Experiment 2. (The upper panel displays voice recognition for same- and different-voice repetitions as a function of talker variability, collapsed across values of lag; the lower panel displays voice recognition for same- and different-voice repetitions as a function of lag, collapsed across levels of talker variability.)
Figure 11
Figure 11
Probability of correctly recognizing old items as a repetition in the same voice or as a repetition in a different voice from a subset of the conditions in Experiment 2. (In both panels, voice recognition for same-voice repetitions is compared with voice recognition for different-voice/same-gender and different-voice/different-gender repetitions. The upper panel displays voice recognition as a function of talker variability, collapsed across values of lag; the lower panel displays voice recognition as a function of lag, collapsed across levels of talker variability.)
Figure 12
Figure 12
Response times for correctly recognizing old items as a repetition in the same voice or as a repetition in a different voice from all conditions in Experiment 2. (The upper panel displays voice recognition response times for same- and different-voice repetitions as a function of talker variability, collapsed across values of lag; the lower panel displays response times for same- and different-voice repetitions as a function of lag, collapsed across levels of talker variability.)
Figure 13
Figure 13
Response times for correctly recognizing old items as a repetition in the same voice or as a repetition in a different voice from a subset of the conditions in Experiment 2. (In both panels, the response times for same-voice repetitions are compared with response times for different-voice/same-gender and different-voice/ different-gender repetitions. The upper panel displays voice recognition response times as a function of talker variability, collapsed across values of lag; the lower panel displays response times as a function of lag, collapsed across levels of talker variability.)
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