Spontaneous passage of upper urinary tract calculi in relation to composition

Abstract

The composition of 2,755 calculi obtained from the upper urinary tract (1,409 by spontaneous passage and 1,346 by urological procedures) was analyzed using an infrared spectrophotometer, and the spontaneous passage rate was investigated in relation to the composition as well as other variables, such as stone size, and patient age and sex. Mixed stones of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate were most frequently found, followed by those of calcium oxalate. The mean size (the maximum diameter) was largest in struvite stones and smallest in calcium oxalate ones. The sizes of stones from women were significantly larger than those from men (p < 0.01). As expected, the stone passage rates were inversely related to increasing stone size. The size of 55.6% of the stones passed was < or = 5 mm, and that of 96.6% of the stones < or = 10 mm.