The reversal of experimental cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity by thromboxane synthetase inhibition

Abstract

The ability of thromboxane synthetase inhibition to reverse acute cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat was investigated. CsA administration (50 mg/kg/day p.o. for 14 days) to male Sprague-Dawley rats caused a significant 50% decline in creatinine clearance rates, an increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) enzymuria and renal tubulointerstitial damage by day 14. These changes were associated with a 5-6-fold increase in urinary thromboxane B2 excretion (from pretreatment values of 28.1 +/- 7.9 to 122.6 +/- 38.9 and 165.8 +/- 39.0 eta g/24 hr body weight on days 7 and 14, respectively). Excretion rates of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and prostaglandin E2 were, however, unaffected by CsA administration. Co-treatment with a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (CGS 12970; 8-[3-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)-1-indolyl]-octanoic acid) from day 7 (10 mg/kg/day) normalized thromboxane B2 excretion, resulted in creatine clearance rates which were similar to pretreatment values on days 10 and 14, reduced NAG enzymuria on day 10 and prevented acute proximal tubular vacuolation. However, the severity of chronic CsA nephrotoxicity, namely chronic tubular damage and microcalcification at the corticomedullary junction, was not diminished by the thromboxane synthetase inhibition. These results demonstrate that (i) elevated thromboxane synthesis plays an important role in the development of acute CsA nephrotoxicity and (ii) that different and/or additional mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic nephrotoxicity.