Immunohistopathologic features and therapy of conjunctival lichen planus

Abstract

Lichen planus is an autoimmune disease that typically involves skin and the mucosa of the genitalia and mouth. Conjunctival involvement is rare, and the microscopic abnormalities of affected conjunctivae are not well characterized. We treated two patients with cicatrizing conjunctivitis and extraocular conjunctival lichen planus confirmed by biopsy. We found irregular, thickened basement membrane with reduplications similar to the findings in oral mucosa affected by lichen planus. The absence of basement membrane immunoreactants excluded ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Results of laboratory tests for collagen vascular diseases including sarcoidosis and lupus were also negative. Treatment with 2% cyclosporine eyedrops controlled inflammation and stopped cicatrization in one patient who was followed up for 12 months. The other patient, in whom lichen planus was recently diagnosed, responded favorably to topical cyclosporine. Lichen planus should be included in the differential diagnosis of cicatrizing conjunctivitis and its immunohistopathologic features should be studied in conjunctival biopsies. Topical cyclosporine may be used successfully for conjunctival lichen planus.