Parathyroid gland function in chronic renal failure

Abstract

The concept that the PTH-calcium curve is representative of parathyroid function has been discussed. Comparisons of parathyroid function have been made between normal humans and hemodialysis patients and also between hemodialysis patients with different forms of renal osteodystrophy. From these comparisons, it is apparent that the magnitude of HPT is much greater in patients with renal failure than in normal humans, and as represented by the ratio of basal to maximal PTH, the parathyroid gland appears to be stimulated at basal serum calcium levels in hemodialysis patients. Similarly, based on an analysis of the PTH-calcium curve, we were able to determine that several differences in parathyroid function were present in hemodialysis patients with different forms of renal osteodystrophy. As compared to hemodialysis patients with LTAABD and aplastic bone disease, patients with osteitis fibrosa have a greater magnitude of hyperparathyroidism, a greater sensitivity of the parathyroid cell (slope), a higher set point of calcium, and greater PTH stimulation at basal serum calcium (ratio of basal to maximal PTH). Calcitriol treatment of hemodialysis patients with osteitis fibrosa resulted in a significant decrease in PTH throughout the PTH-calcium curve and also reduced the sensitivity (slope) of the PTH-calcium curve. The concept of hysteresis has been discussed as well as the role that the ambient basal serum calcium concentration may have on the determination of the PTH-calcium curve. Finally, the effect that successful renal transplantation has on HPT has been examined. In conclusion, we believe that the PTH-calcium curve provides a reliable assessment of parathyroid function, and as such, has considerable application for the study of parathyroid disorders in the clinical setting.