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. 1993 May 8;174(9):315-29.
doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4808166.

Orthodontics in the general dental service of England and Wales: a critical assessment of standards

S Richmond  1 , W C Shaw, C D Stephens, W G Webb, C T Roberts, M Andrews
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Orthodontics in the general dental service of England and Wales: a critical assessment of standards

S Richmond et al. Br Dent J. .

Abstract

Out of a sample of 1210 orthodontic patients treated within the General Dental Services in England and Wales, a high proportion showed no improvement. Upper and lower fixed appliances had the greatest influence on the outcome of treatment in terms of aesthetics, dental health need and standards. When treatment was analysed according to the appliance used, there were no statistically significant differences in the standard of treatment undertaken by specialist orthodontists and general dental practitioners. Methods for improving British orthodontic standards are considered.

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