[Clinico-toxicologic aspects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the dog and cat]

Abstract

The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is increasing in small animal practice. This has resulted in a greater incidence of acute as well as chronic toxicosis. NSAID toxicoses are usually manifested by gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and ulceration. The mechanisms by which these drugs cause their toxic effects are mainly associated with the impaired prostaglandin synthesis and therefore the reduced physiological cytoprotection of the mucosa. In addition, local cellular damage due to the acid effects of NSAID contribute to the GI-toxicity. Treatment of acute intoxication involves maintenance of vital function as well as early decontamination of the gastrointestinal tract and symptomatic treatment (correction of bleeding tendency and local acidosis). Symptomatic care of gastrointestinal damage is the most important aspect of dealing with chronic intoxication. A reduction of acid production as well as a stimulation of the repair mechanism of the mucosa is the aim of the therapy.