Hypertension after renal transplantation

Abstract

In 212 cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients with stable graft function at 1 year and with potential follow-up of 5 years the prevalence of arterial hypertension was 81.6% at 1 year and 81.2% at 5 years. The logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of hypertension before transplantation (P = 0.0001; odds ratio 3.5), a plasma creatinine level higher than 2 mg/dL at 1 year (P = 0.0001; odds ratio 3.8), and a maintenance therapy with corticosteroids (P = 0.008; odds ratio 3.3) were positively associated with hypertension at 1 year after transplantation. The mean number of graft failures between 1 and 5 years was significantly higher and the mean reciprocal of plasma creatinine was significantly worse at 1 and 5 years in patients with noncontrolled hypertension than in normotensive patients or in patients with hypertension well controlled by drugs. We also investigated the potential protective role of nifedipine. The episodes of acute tubular necrosis (four versus three), of acute rejections (28 versus 29), the mean arterial pressure at 1 year (105 +/- 9 versus 104 +/- 9 mm Hg) and 5 years (105 +/- 10 versus 108 +/- 12 mm Hg), and the mean plasma creatinine level at 1 year (1.4 +/- 0.4 versus 1.6 +/- 0.4 mg/dL) and 5 years (1.8 +/- 1 versus 1.9 +/- 1 mg/dL) were similar in 52 patients who were given nifedipine for at least 4 years and 58 hypertensive patients who never took calcium channel blockers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)