Strangulation injuries in children. Part 2. Cerebrovascular hemodynamics

Abstract

The cerebrovascular hemodynamics were recorded in two children with comparable hypoxic-ischemic injuries after strangulation. Monitoring was initiated within 13 hours of injury and continued for at least 38 hours. The profile included continuous measurements of cortical regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with a subdural thermal diffusion probe, intracranial pressure, mean arterial pressure, and expired CO2 tension. Data sets were obtained every 15 minutes or every 5 minutes during epochs of hyperventilation and inotropic support. Arterial CO2 and oxygen content and pH and, in the second patient, cardiac output (and cardiac index) were determined every 3 to 6 hours. Both children showed cortical hyperemia with a gradual rise of rCBF during the study; neither child showed elevated intracranial pressure. Mean CO2 reactivities were 1.8 and 2.1 mL/100 g/minute/mm Hg, with gradual elevations during the study. Mean cerebrovascular resistances were 0.7 and 0.9 mL/100 g/minute/mm Hg, respectively. Dissociative vasoparalysis with loss of autoregulation and preservation of CO2 reactivity was observed in both children. In the second child, during two periods of hyperventilation, an inverse steal occurred with rCBF indirectly related to expired CO2 tension; the rCBF was not related to changes in cardiac output or cardiac index. Neurologic outcome was not related to mean levels of rCBF, CPP, and CO2 reactivity, or clinical dissociative vasoparalysis. Lower initial and mean values of rCBF and an inverse steal after hyperventilation were associated with a poor outcome in the second patient.