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Review
. 1996 Apr;34(4):657-66.
doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(96)80069-7.

Physical enhancement of dermatologic drug delivery: iontophoresis and phonophoresis

D G Kassan  1 , A M Lynch, M J Stiller
Affiliations
Review

Physical enhancement of dermatologic drug delivery: iontophoresis and phonophoresis

D G Kassan et al. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996 Apr.

Abstract

Iontophoresis and phonophoresis are emerging technologies capable of enhancing drug penetration through the stratum corneum, the principal barrier to percutaneous absorption. With utilization of applied electric current or ultrasonic waves, respectively, iontophoresis and phonophoresis have shown efficacy in an increasing number of clinical applications. This article reviews the underlying principles, current status, and potential of iontophoresis and phonophoresis in dermatologic therapy.

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