Neurohormonal modulation of rat enterochromaffin-like cell histamine secretion

Abstract

Background & aims: Gastric mucosal cells and nerve terminals contain at least acetylcholine, adrenergic agents, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, serotonin, gamma-amino-butyric acid, neurokinins A and B, neurotensin, neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, gastrin-releasing peptide, somatostatin, and [Met5]enkephalin. Although some of these agents have been implicated as regulators of gastric acid secretion, their site and mechanism of action is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether local gastric neurotransmitters modulate acid secretion by regulating basal and gastrin-driven enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell histamine release.

Methods: The effects of the above agents were investigated in a short-term 90%-95% pure ECL cell culture system. Cells were incubated with either the neuromodulator alone or in combination with gastrin for 10-40 minutes, and histamine secretion was measured by enzyme immunoassay.

Results: Acetylcholine, isoproterenol, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide significantly stimulated basal and gastrin-driven histamine secretion, whereas calcitonin gene-related peptide and somatostatin inhibited basal and gastrin-driven histamine secretion. The M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist pirenzepine dose dependently inhibited the action of acetylcholine, whereas the M3 receptor antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-(2-chloroethyl)-piperidine hydrochloride had no effect. the rest of the evaluated agents had no effect on ECL cell histamine secretion.

Conclusions: These data are consistent with the hypothesis that substantial neurohormonal modulation of ECL cell function exists.