[Laryngeal ruptures (author's transl)]

Abstract

Laryngeal ruptures are caused by vertical traction on the larynx and trachea, mainly by pushing the chin upon a dashboard or by so called whiplash trauma. Forteen cases could be classified in supraglottic ruptures, subglottic rupture and laryngotracheal ruptures. In supraglottic ruptures the epiglottis and parts of the ventricular folds are separated from the thyroid cartilage. In subglottic rupture the cricothyroid membrane is ruptured. The most common type is the partial avulsion of the trachea from the cricoid cartilage. In all types the laryngotracheal axis is kinked and scar tissue grows into the larynx. To avoid consecutive stenosis of the larynx in every case a straight dilator should be introduced as an internal splint.