Myasthenia gravis: review of diagnosis and management

Abstract

Although the cause of myasthenia gravis is still unknown, its pathogenesis appears clear: immunologic attack on synaptic receptors in muscle causes receptor deficiency, decreased miniature endplate potentials, and decrements in the compound action potentials evoked from muscles on repetitive stimulation of peripheral nerves. In addition to the involvement of skeletal muscle, some MG patients may manifest subtle alterations of the function of heart, lung, smooth muscle, and CNS, indicating that this is truly a systemic disorder. Modern therapy involves adjusting treatment to the needs of individual patients. Anticholinesterases, calcium, ephedrine, potassium, and germine partially correct the defect in neuromuscular transmission; prednisone, ACTH, cytotoxic drugs, antilymphocyte serums, gamma globulin, thoracic duct drainage, plasmapheresis, and thymectomy partially modify the abnormalities of the immune system.