Comparison of percutaneous and surgical tracheostomies

Abstract

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) with surgical tracheostomy (ST).

Design: Prospective randomized trial.

Setting: Public urban teaching hospital.

Patients: Twenty-six patients were randomized to undergo PDT and 27 patients to ST.

Results: The time from randomization into the study until tracheostomy was performed was 28.5 +/- 27.9 h in the PDT group and 100.4 +/- 95.0 h in the ST group (p < 0.001). PDT was performed in 8.2 +/- 4.9 min vs 33.9 +/- 14.0 min for ST (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in intraprocedural complications between the groups. Postprocedural complication rates were 12% for PDT and 41% for ST (p = 0.008).

Conclusion: PDT is superior to ST logistically. PDT can be performed at the bedside eliminating the risk of patient transport. Because operating room scheduling is not necessary, PDT can be performed earlier once the decision to do a tracheostomy is made, which will improve ICU utilization. PDT is a faster procedure to perform and has fewer postprocedural complications.