Bleeding giant gastric ulcer

Abstract

Background: A consecutive series of 269 cases of bleeding gastric ulcer were studied prospectively from 1979 to 1993 inclusive.

Method: Fifty-five (21%) had a giant gastric ulcer with a diameter of 3 cm or more. These cases were compared with those with ulcers less than 3 cm in diameter in terms of clinical details, prognostic factors, urgent operation and outcome.

Results: Death occurred in 13 cases (5%), urgent surgery was performed in 75 cases (29%) and there were 11 postoperative deaths (15%) within a month of surgery. The patient details in the two groups matched in terms of age, sex distribution, ulcer history, previous complication and recent ingestion of analgesics. Clinical comparison showed that giant ulcer had a poorer prognosis with a higher mortality (10 vs 3%, P < 0.01), urgent surgery rate (65 vs 12%, P < 0.01) and operative mortality (23 vs 11%, difference not significant). Study of risk factors in patients with giant ulcer revealed significantly more with concurrent illness, shock, anaemia and endoscopic stigmata of recent haemorrhage.

Conclusion: More severe bleeding and poorer general condition in the giant ulcer group stresses the importance of early diagnosis and accurate resuscitation in these patients. Survival depends on optimal condition and prompt and timely surgery.