Evaluation of three commercial enzyme immunoassays compared with the 13C urea breath test for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection

Abstract

The diagnostic significance of the serological detection of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori has been established by numerous investigators. Reports of the clinical reliabilities of commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits available for this purpose vary as a result of the different H. pylori antigen sources and reference methods used. The 13C urea breath test (UBT) has been shown to be an extremely accurate and reliable method of detecting H. pylori infection. We used the 13C urea breath test as the confirmatory method for H. pylori status to evaluate three commercially available EIA kits designed to detect immunoglobulin G antibodies to H. pylori. These kits were the HM-CAP EIA kit (Enteric Products, Inc.), the PYLORI STAT EIA kit (BioWhittaker, Inc.), and the G.A.P. kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories/Biomerica, Inc.). The evaluations were performed in a double-blind manner with samples from 473 clinically characterized patients. This group included patients with symptomatic gastrointestinal disorders as well as nonsymptomatic volunteers. The sensitivities of the kits were as follows: HM-CAP, 98.4%; PYLORI STAT, 99.2%; and G.A.P., 100%. The specificities were as follows: HM-CAP, 96.4%; PYLORI STAT, 90.1%; and G.A.P., 26.0%. Although the HM-CAP and PYLORI STAT kits performed comparably, the G.A.P. test yielded significantly more false-positive results and an unacceptably high number of indeterminate results.