Doxazosin: a new approach to hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia

Abstract

Doxazosin, a selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, is an established first-line antihypertensive agent that is being introduced for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia are linked by the sympathetic nervous system, which has an aetiologic role in both conditions. The alpha 1-adrenoceptor is a mediator of increased tension, both in vascular and prostatic smooth muscle. Studies have shown that doxazosin, through its balanced action on alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes, reduces blood pressure and improves other risk factors for coronary heart disease, such as lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, left ventricular hypertrophy, platelet aggregation and fibrinolysis. Data are now accumulating to show that doxazosin improves urinary flow rates and symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. These effects have been demonstrated in controlled clinical studies, within weeks, and long term. Since hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia are widespread and often undiagnosed in the community, particularly with increasing age, doxazosin may be a particularly appropriate therapy for the considerable number of older men with both conditions.