Accuracy of MRI patterns in evaluating anterior cruciate ligament tears

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the different patterns of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears on MRI and the prevalence and accuracy of these patterns. Images were obtained on high-tesla and low-tesla units and the results compared to determine whether field strength affects the interpretation using the grading system. In 172 patients who underwent knee MRI (109 knees with high-tesla units and 63 knees with low-tesla units) and arthroscopy, there was a total of 91 arthroscopically proven ACL tears. Five patterns of ACL tears were observed and designated as type 1 (diffuse increase in signal on T2-weighted images and enlargement of the ligament, 48%); type 2 (horizontally oriented ACL, 21%); type 3 (nonvisualization of the ACL, 18%); type 4 (discontinuity of the ACL, 11%); and type 5 (vertically oriented ACL, 2%). The positive predictive value (PPV) for type 2, 4, and 5 patterns was 100% for both field strengths: for type 3 PPV was just above 80% for both field strengths. The PPV value for type 1 was 90% for the high-tesla unit and 79% for the low-tesla, unit, which was not statistically significant. Combining the results of both field strengths, the overall sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 89%, respectively. Arthroscopic results were also used to determine the association between meniscal and ACL tears. Only 13% of ACL tears were isolated, the rest being associated with meniscal tears. Forty-five percent of medial meniscal and 50% of lateral meniscal tears were associated with an ACL tear, and 94% of ACLs were torn when both menisci were torn.