[Severe metabolic alkalosis with a consciousness disorder]

Abstract

History and clinical findings: A 47-year-old man in a reduced general condition, presumed to be a chronic alcoholic, was hospitalised in a sleepy state and impaired level of consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale 8). There were no focal neurological deficits, but all proprioceptor reflexes were weak. Body temperature was 36.8 degrees C, blood pressure 90/60 mm Hg, and heart rate 80/min.

Investigations: Biochemical tests showed sodium concentration reduced to 121 mmol/l, potassium to 1.83 mmol/l, chloride to 55 mmol/l and, on the next day, phosphate to 0.11 mmol/l. Blood gas analysis demonstrated a noncompensated respiratory alkalosis (pH 7.69, bicarbonate 39.5 mmol/l and a base excess of 20 mmol/l.

Treatment and course: The impaired consciousness was thought to be due to the marked alkalosis in combination with hypophosphataemia. The alkalosis was completely removed within 48 hours by administration of Ringer's solution and potassium chloride concentrate, without sodium chloride Phosphate deficit was neutralised with KH2PO4 infusion. Normal consciousness was restored.

Conclusions: Even severe hypochloraemic alkalosis can be quickly reversed with infusion of chloride without sodium Successful treatment with chloride alone excludes alkalosis induced by mineralocorticoids.