Increased density of senile plaques (SP), but not neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), in non-demented individuals with the apolipoprotein E4 allele: comparison to confirmed Alzheimer's disease patients

Abstract

The apolipoprotein E genotype and cortical senile plaque (SP) and cortical and hippocampal neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) densities were determined in non-demented individuals and neuropathologically confirmed AD patients. The non-demented population was further subdivided according to presence or absence of pathologically established critical coronary artery disease (cCAD), hypertension (HyperT), or neither (non-heart disease; non-HD). The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele incidence and dose frequencies were increased in the AD, cCAD and HyperT groups compared to the non-HD controls. The mean number of SP and NFT was significantly increased with the presence of the APOE4 allele within the entire population. After grouping the non-demented subjects according to cardiac status, SP but not NFT density was increased among those individuals with the APOE4 genotype. In HyperT, the increased density of SP also correlated to the APOE4 allele dose frequency. The density of SP and NFT was increased in all regions of AD brain compared to all other non-demented groups, but no significant difference was found between AD patients with or without an APOE4 allele. These two AD groups were age-matched, but could not be matched for disease duration. The data suggest a relationship between heart disease, APOE4 genotype and the presence of SP regardless of cognitive status.