Memory deficits and early cognitive deterioration in MS

Abstract

Introduction: In the present study, the pattern of memory and learning deficits in two cognitively different, but clinically and demographically similar, multiple sclerosis (MS) groups was compared.

Material & methods: 23 patients represented the cognitively preserved MS group and 22 patients the MS group with early cognitive decline. A control group of 35 healthy controls was also included. The cognitive status of the subjects was defined using the Mild Deterioration Battery (MDB). Furthermore, all subjects were given a set of memory and learning tests and were instructed to evaluate the frequency of their memory and learning difficulties. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was also administered to all subjects.

Results: The cognitively deteriorated patients, even those with normal MMSE performance, showed widespread memory and learning deficits, but adequate self-evaluation of their everyday memory and learning difficulties. The preserved group, in turn, performed similarly to the controls.

Conclusion: Widespread memory and learning deficits are associated with relatively mild cognitive decline in MS. These deficits were observable in the intermediate-length screening battery, the MDB, but not in the MMSE. The present study suggests that the accuracy of patients' own evaluations of their memory and other cognitive problems is superior to the results of very brief screening batteries, like the MMSE. Therefore, brief screening in neuropsychological assessment of MS patients is not recommendable.