Three-step immunoscintigraphy with anti-chromogranin A monoclonal antibody in tumours of the pituitary region

Abstract

In the present paper we evaluated the ability of pretargeted immunoscintigraphy (ISG) with antichromogranin A (CgA) monoclonal antibody (Mc-ab A11) in visualizing pituitary masses. The results obtained in 23 patients are described along with those of [111In]pentetreotide scintigraphy (Octreoscan) in 18 cases. Positive ISG was obtained in 9/11 (82%) non-functioning, 1/4 growth hormone-, 1/2 prolactin-, 1/2 thyrotropin-, 1/1 follicle-stimulating hormone-, 0/1 adrenocortico-trophin-secreting pituitary adenomas. In one patient with a positive ISG scan of a non-functioning pituitary adenoma, an associated neurinoma of the acoustic nerve was not imaged. The same occurred in one patient with a pituitary deposit from a mammary carcinoma and in another one with a cyst of the Rathke's pouch. Chromogranin A immunohistochemistry, carried out in 10 tumours, was positive in eight pituitary adenomas and negative in two non-adenomatous lesions. A concordant ISG occurred in all cases except for two pituitary adenomas: one cystic and necrotized and one post-operative remnant very small in size. In 18 patients with pituitary adenoma both ISG and Octreoscan were positive in 61% of cases but with a different distribution among tumours. At variance with ISG, Octreoscan visualized only 5/10 (50%) non-functioning pituitary adenomas and all (4/4) somatotropinomas. In conclusion, ISG is able to image pituitary tumours and particularly non-functioning pituitary adenomas. In this respect, it may be helpful in discriminating non-neuroendocrine masses of the pituitary region from non-functioning pituitary adenomas.