Transforaminal endoscopic microdiscectomy

Abstract

Foraminal epidural endoscopic surgery (FEES) is a minimally invasive spine surgery technique that allows maximum exposure for visualization, identification, and exploration of anatomy, pathology, and structures at risk; therefore, it provides for dissection of neuropathologic anatomy and documentation of surgical correction. Minimal intervention with maximum surgical capability supports consideration of FEES as "microdiscectomy through a cannula."